LIBERTY AND FREEDOM IN THE VIEWS OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF EPICURUS AND STOIC PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOLS

Анотація

Introduction. The theme of the cognition of liberty and freedom by Hellenic Roman philosophy is examined scantily. Besides, among modern philosophers there is ambiguous view about the recognition of these concepts by antic philosophers. Purpose is to analyze the views on the concepts of liberty and freedom by the representatives of Epicurus and Stoic schools. Methods are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, generalization, historic logical, historic comparative and hermeneutic. Results. According to the article, еpicurus thought stressed that soul and its components were an integral part of learning. They considered body and soul as the property of the person while the will (mind, feelings) was the property of the soul. Epicurus raised the question on the possibility of human beings to violate fate provisions, on their own will, to break the causal relationships and achieve the goals. Stoic efforts were directed at resolving the conflict between necessity and freedom. This enabled them to conclude that a person acted due to intelligent will opposed to the motion of physical bodies and animal behavior. However, this feature was not available to every person, but only to the sage. A person with his inner freedom and will was the main in the Stoics studies. They believed that nothing could affect the soul, to change or adapt it in motion, except itself.. Originality. It was known that the theme of liberty and freedom in the Epicurus and Stoic studies was consciously raised and discovered in philosophical sense. Conclusion. Epicurus considered that will was the property of the soul, they recognized that the freedom of will was needed for calmness, satisfaction and happiness. Stoics made efforts for solving the contradictions between necessity and freedom, they singled out a person with his inner freedom and own will.